1. Better first line treatment needed for children with severe pneumonia
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

...ldren aged 1–59 months, regardless of HIV status, who presented with WHO-defined severe or very severe pneumonia. Sixty-eight percent of the children were HIV infected. The empiric treatment use...

2. Dealing with childhood pneumonia in developing countries: how can we make a difference?
(Journal Club/Public Health)

Editorial overview which briefly discusses the severity of the problem: pneumonia is a major cause of child mortality; issues where more research is needed; problem of accurate d

3. Avian Influenza ("Bird Flu") H5N1
(FAQs/Health and Illness)

...luenza-like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to eye infections (conjunctivitis), pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia, and other severe and life-threateni...

4. Small randomized trial shows prophylactic antibiotics useful in measles
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

...lts coming only 8 years later?). Results? "One of 46 participants who received co-trimoxazole developed pneumonia, in contrast to six of 38 participants who received placebo (odds ratio 0.08 (95%...

5. Tachypnea, hypoxia, and lack of vomiting predict PCP in HIV-infected young infants with pneumonia
(Journal Club/HIV)

...is study in South Africa looked at the clinical manifestations of HIV-infected children with and without PCP pneumonia. Of 151 children (median age 9 months), 15 had PCP. Clinical features that distin...

6. Atypical organisms causing acute tonsillopharyngitis may cause later lower respiratory tract infect
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

... history of acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with atypical bacterial infections, showing that Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae organisms are frequently found in children with acute t...

7. Three days antibiotics as good as 8 for uncomplicated mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia
(Journal Club/Family practice)

This study in the Netherlands randomized 119 adult patients with mild to moderate-severe community aquired pneumonia to receive five days of either placebo or oral amoxicillin after three days of IV a

8. Streptococcus pneumoniae still the major pathogen in Tanzanian children with severe pneumonia
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

The study used DNA PCR to study pathogens in 72 children with severe pneumonia in Tanzania. Streptococcus pneumoniae was a much more common finding than P. jiroveci or M. tuberculosis in all age group

9. Chlamydia pneumoniae not commonly associated with disease in Gambian children
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

"Conclusions: In this study, C. pneumoniae was not associated with any particular clinical syndrome. We found no evidence that the organism plays a major role in ARI in young children in developi

10. What findings best predict HIV positivity in sick children?
(Journal Club/HIV)

...d dermatitis, chronic parotid swelling, recurrent bacterial infection, disseminated tuberculosis and/ or PCP pneumonia. Only the three features in the following table were significantly (p < 0.0...

11. Sometimes even pediatrics is interesting
(News/Morning Report)

...at's usually when we either have few patients or when it seems they all have the same few ailments: malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, jaundice, and so on. At one point last week, though, I stopped and tho...

12. Zinc supplementation is safe and helpful for children with HIV
(Journal Club/Latest Articles)

...nown to be useful for child health in developing countries, reducing mortality and  morbidity from pneumonia and diarrhea. However, there are some theoretical reasons that it might worsen th...

13. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for child health in developing countries
(Journal Club/Latest Articles)

...etermine the costs and effectiveness of selected child health interventions—namely, case management of pneumonia, oral rehydration therapy, supplementation or fortification of staple foods with ...

14. What are the most common medical problems you seen in children?
(FAQs/General)

The most common problems we see are all infectious diseases: malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, meningitis, tuberculosis, and HIV. We see many newborns with fever, sometimes with an obvious skin infectio

15. Age Related Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection in Indian Children
(Journal Club/HIV)

...ant clinical features seen were hepato-splenomegaly (51%), lymphadenopathy (49%) and tuberculosis (43%). PCP pneumonia was the earliest manifestation in toddlers and hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopath...

16. Outbreak of Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis in N Ghana with Features Characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis Epidemics
(Journal Club/Infectious Diseases)

...r of meningitis cases, acting like meningococcal meningitis, but actually caused by a virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae strain. It is suggested that the strep may have the potential to cause epidemics...

17. Additional Markers to Refine the World Health Organization Algorithm for Diagnosis of Pneumonia
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

...respiratory distress, recording of fever and chest indrawing, and observing the response to bronchodilators, pneumonia can be reliably identified in children presenting with tachypnea and cough. It is...

18. Cotrimoxazole vs sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus erythromycin for malaria with pneumonia in children
(Journal Club/Infectious Diseases)

Children with Pf malaria and pneumonia were randomized to receive TS or SP plus E. A total of 87.2% of children receiving TS and 80.0% receiving SP plus E reached adequate responses. Severely malnouri

19. Effect of handwashing on child health
(Journal Club/Public Health)

...en <5 years in households that received plain soap and handwashing promotion had a 50% lower incidence of pneumonia than controls. Children younger than 15 years in households with plain soap had a...

20. Effect of weekly zinc supplements on incidence of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children younger than 2
(Journal Club/Pediatrics)

70 mg of zinc weekly reduces pneumonia and mortality in young children. However, compliance with weekly intake might be problematic outside a research programme.The Lancet 2005; 366:999-1004 DOI