| published 16-05-2007
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This was a double blind placebo controlled trial involving 263 South African children infected with HIV. The median age was 24.7 months. The treatment group received isoniazid prophylaxis daily or three times weekly. The study was ended early because the safety monitoring board found that the mortality was significantly greater (more than twice as high) in the placebo group.
Results include "The incidence of tuberculosis was lower in the isoniazid group (5 cases, 3.8%) than in the placebo group (13 cases, 9.9%) (hazard ratio 0.28, 0.10 to 0.78, P=0.005). All cases of tuberculosis confirmed by culture were in children in the placebo group."
"Conclusions: Prophylaxis with isoniazid has an early survival benefit and reduces incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV. Prophylaxis may offer an effective public health intervention to reduce mortality in such children in settings with a high prevalence of tuberculosis."
Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2007;334:136 (20 January), doi:10.1136/bmj.39000.486400.55. Free full text available.
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